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Problems (7): PR-00001–PR-00007 — Meaning Crisis, Illegitimate Domination, Performance Society Exhaustion, Fascization, Epistemic Power Concentration, Platform Feudalism, Knowledge Isolation Models (5): Han, Fisher, Foucault, Vervaeke, Graeber/Anarchism Values (6): Epistemic Sovereignty, Authority Requires Justification, Exhaustion Is Structural, Mutual Aid Over Market, Digital Autonomy Is Political, Deep Reflection As Practice Arguments (3): Platform Feudalism → Democracy, PKM as Epistemic Strategy, Algorithmic Rationality Erodes Autonomy Organizations (5): IndieWeb, Wikimedia Deutschland, Reporter ohne Grenzen, Mehr Demokratie e.V., netzpolitik.org Plans (1): de-plan1-sven.md — Germany plan with 6 challenges, 5 strategies Data (1): DE-Democracy-Metrics — V-Dem, RSF, EIU, ARD-DeutschlandTREND, Bundeswahlleiter, More in Common Cross-linking: KNOWLEDGE-GRAPH.md + entities.json index Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Fascization
Statement: Democratic societies worldwide are experiencing authoritarian right-wing shifts. This is not an accident or anomaly — it is the political form capitalism takes in crisis, channeling class contradictions into nationalist aggression while protecting property relations.
Scale: Global / National / Political
Key Thinkers: Max Horkheimer, Wilhelm Reich, Umberto Eco, Timothy Snyder, Walter Benjamin
Mechanism: Fascism does not arise despite the system but from it — as a response to economic instability, epistemic fragmentation, and the collapse of collective meaning frameworks. The Horkheimer thesis: "Wer vom Kapitalismus nicht reden will, sollte auch vom Faschismus schweigen." (1939)
Reich (Massenpsychologie des Faschismus): Authoritarian character structures are not produced by top-down manipulation but by material and affective conditions from below. The connection to exhaustion society (PR-00003) is direct: those who are exhausted, humiliated, and without meaning become susceptible to simple enemy images and strong leader figures.
Current instances: Trump (US), AfD (Germany), Orbán (Hungary), Modi (India), Meloni (Italy). Not aberrations but data points in a pattern.
Evidence:
- Eco: "14 Merkmale des Ur-Faschismus" (1995)
- Snyder: "What Does It Mean That Donald Trump Is a Fascist" (2024)
- More in Common Germany Study (2024): 30% "Wütende" with authoritarian-receptive attitudes
- V-Dem Democracy Report (annual): global democratic backsliding since 2016
Connections:
- Related Problems: PR-00001 (Meaning Crisis — loss of meaning as entry condition), PR-00002 (Illegitimate Domination — fascism as domination in crisis mode), PR-00003 (Exhaustion — structural precondition)
- Models explaining this: MO-00002 (Fisher/Capitalist Realism), MO-00005 (Anarchism/Graeber)
- Values in response: VA-00002 (Authority Requires Justification), VA-00004 (Mutual Aid)